Inquire

Backdoor open

Paths exist, but open backdoors remain. Do not read this as a treatment effect.

1 path of length ≤ 4 connect the two nodes. Shared ancestors that remain unblocked: Alcohol intake, Ashwagandha, Caffeine intake, Chamomile, Evening and bright light, Magnesium supplementation, Melatonin supplementation, Nighttime transportation noise, Tart cherry, Valerian, GLP-1 receptor agonist. This is a pedagogical first-pass, not a full application of Pearl's do-calculus. It reports what the curated graph can and cannot support.

Net sign: increases. Higher Sleep duration and regularity increases Testosterone.

• In men, experimental sleep loss lowers testosterone. A week of 5-hour nights cut daytime T about 10 to 15 percent. One night of total wake cut 24-hour T. All-night deprivation cut total T; REM-only did not. In 37 healthy adults, T also fell during long wake; caffeine lessened that drop.

Backdoors: Alcohol intake, Ashwagandha, Caffeine intake, Chamomile, Evening and bright light, Magnesium supplementation, Melatonin supplementation, Nighttime transportation noise, Tart cherry, Valerian, GLP-1 receptor agonist.

1. Sleep duration and regularity (+) → Testosterone