Sources

35 papers, 36 variables, 36 edges. A paper without a DOI or PMID is a defect. The seed is the source of truth; this page is the public bibliography.

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What Causes What. “Sources.” https://whatcauseswhat.org/sources (atlas updated 2026-08-31).

https://whatcauseswhat.org/sources

2021 · Mendelian randomization · N=443734
The causal role of circulating vitamin D concentrations in human complex traits and diseases: a large-scale Mendelian randomization study
X. Jiang, P. F. O'Reilly, H. Aschard. Scientific Reports.
Open · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80655-w · PMID 33420254
2020 · Meta-analysis
Evidence from meta-analyses of the facial width-to-height ratio versus the dual-hormone hypothesis as predictors of status-seeking
S. N. Geniole, T. L. F. McCormick. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology.
Open · doi:10.1007/s40750-019-00120-5
2020 · Randomized trial · N=677
A registered replication study on oxytocin and trust
C. H. Declerck, C. Boone, L. Pauwels, B. Vogt, E. Fehr. Nature Human Behaviour.
Open · doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0878-x · PMID 32514040
2019 · Mendelian randomization · N=339256
Phenome-wide Mendelian-randomization study of genetically determined vitamin D on multiple health outcomes using the UK Biobank study
X. Meng, X. Li, M. N. Timofeeva. International Journal of Epidemiology.
Open · doi:10.1093/ije/dyz182 · PMID 31518429
2019 · Randomized trial · N=25871
Vitamin D supplements and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease
J. E. Manson, N. R. Cook, I. M. Lee. New England Journal of Medicine.
Open · doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1809944 · PMID 30415629
2019 · Randomized trial · N=20
Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake
K. D. Hall, A. Ayuketah, R. Brychta. Cell Metabolism.
Open · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008 · PMID 31105044
2017 · Randomized trial · N=40
Testosterone administration does not affect men's rejections of low ultimatum game offers or aggressive mood
C. Cueva, R. E. Roberts, T. J. Spencer, P. N. Tobler, A. Rustichini. Hormones and Behavior.
Open · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.09.012 · PMID 27702573
2017 · Meta-analysis
Power Posing: P-Curving the Evidence
J. P. Simmons, U. Simonsohn. Psychological Science.
Open · doi:10.1177/0956797616658563 · PMID 28485698
2015 · Review
The dual-hormone hypothesis: a brief review and future research agenda
P. H. Mehta, S. Prasad. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences.
Open · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2014.12.001
2015 · Review
Social neuroendocrinology of human aggression: Examining the role of competition-induced testosterone dynamics
J. M. Carré, N. A. Olmstead. Neuroscience.
Open · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.033 · PMID 24881815
2015 · Randomized trial · N=200
Assessing the Robustness of Power Posing: No Effect on Hormones and Risk Tolerance in a Large Sample of Men and Women
E. Ranehill, A. Dreber, M. Johannesson, S. Leiberg, S. Sul, R. A. Weber. Psychological Science.
Open · doi:10.1177/0956797614553946 · PMID 25810452
2015 · Review
Does Oxytocin Increase Trust in Humans? A Critical Review of Research
G. Nave, C. Camerer, M. McCullough. Perspectives on Psychological Science.
Open · doi:10.1177/1745691615600138 · PMID 26581735
2014 · Meta-analysis
Vitamin D status and ill health: a systematic review
P. Autier, M. Boniol, C. Pizot, P. Mullie. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.
Open · doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70165-7 · PMID 24622671
2014 · Meta-analysis
Do women's mate preferences change across the ovulatory cycle? A meta-analytic review
K. Gildersleeve, M. G. Haselton, M. R. Fales. Psychological Bulletin.
Open · doi:10.1037/a0035438 · PMID 24564172
2014 · Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis of menstrual cycle effects on women's mate preferences
W. Wood, L. Kressel, P. D. Joshi, B. Louie. Emotion Review.
Open · doi:10.1177/1754073914523073
2011 · Review
Healthy user and related biases in observational studies of preventive interventions: a primer for physicians
W. H. Shrank, A. R. Patrick, M. A. Brookhart. Journal of General Internal Medicine.
Open · doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1609-1 · PMID 21203857
2011 · Randomized trial · N=10
Effect of 1 week of sleep restriction on testosterone levels in young healthy men
R. Leproult, E. Van Cauter. JAMA.
Open · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.710 · PMID 21632481
2010 · Observational
Testosterone and cortisol jointly regulate dominance: Evidence for a dual-hormone hypothesis
P. H. Mehta, R. A. Josephs. Hormones and Behavior.
Open · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.08.020 · PMID 20816841
2010 · Randomized trial · N=121
Prejudice and truth about the effect of testosterone on human bargaining behaviour
C. Eisenegger, M. Naef, R. Snozzi, M. Heinrichs, E. Fehr. Nature.
Open · doi:10.1038/nature08711 · PMID 19997098
2010 · Meta-analysis
A meta-analysis of the impact of short-term sleep deprivation on cognitive variables
J. Lim, D. F. Dinges. Psychological Bulletin.
Open · doi:10.1037/a0018883 · PMID 20804237
2010 · Randomized trial · N=42
Power Posing: Brief Nonverbal Displays Affect Neuroendocrine Levels and Risk Tolerance
D. R. Carney, A. J. C. Cuddy, A. J. Yap. Psychological Science.
Open · doi:10.1177/0956797610383437 · PMID 20855902
2009 · Randomized trial · N=25
Testosterone administration decreases generosity in the ultimatum game
P. J. Zak, R. Kurzban, S. Ahmadi. PLoS ONE.
Open · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008330 · PMID 20016825
2008 · Observational · N=2724
Beyond global sociosexual orientations: A more differentiated look at sociosexuality and its effects on courtship and romantic relationships
L. Penke, J. B. Asendorpf. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Open · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1113 · PMID 18954197
2007 · Randomized trial
Iron treatment normalizes cognitive functioning in young women
L. E. Murray-Kolb, J. L. Beard. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
Open · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.3.778 · PMID 17344500
2006 · Observational · N=400
Gender differences in mate selection: Evidence from a speed dating experiment
R. Fisman, S. S. Iyengar, E. Kamenica, I. Simonson. Quarterly Journal of Economics.
Open · doi:10.1162/qjec.2006.121.2.673
2005 · Randomized trial · N=58
Oxytocin increases trust in humans
M. Kosfeld, M. Heinrichs, P. J. Zak, U. Fischbacher, E. Fehr. Nature.
Open · doi:10.1038/nature03701 · PMID 15931222
2002 · Randomized trial · N=212
Risk aversion and incentive effects
C. A. Holt, S. K. Laury. American Economic Review.
Open · doi:10.1257/000282802762024700
2001 · Theory
The evolution of prestige: Freely conferred deference as a mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission
J. Henrich, F. J. Gil-White. Evolution and Human Behavior.
Open · doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00071-4
2001 · Review
Alcohol and the male reproductive system
M. A. Emanuele, N. Emanuele. Alcohol Research & Health.
Open · PMID 11810959
2000 · Randomized trial · N=280
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue
E. E. Baulieu, G. Thomas, S. Legrain, N. Lahlou, M. Roger, B. Debuire. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Open · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.8.4279 · PMID 10760294
1999 · Randomized trial · N=11
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function
K. Spiegel, R. Leproult, E. Van Cauter. The Lancet.
Open · doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01376-8 · PMID 10560671
1998 · Review
Testosterone and dominance in men
A. Mazur, A. Booth. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
Open · doi:10.1017/S0140525X98001228 · PMID 10097017
1989 · Observational · N=10047
Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures
D. M. Buss. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
Open · doi:10.1017/S0140525X00023992
1989 · Longitudinal / panel · N=6
Testosterone, and winning and losing in human competition
A. Booth, G. Shelley, A. Mazur, G. Tharp, R. Kittok. Hormones and Behavior.
Open · doi:10.1016/0018-506X(89)90042-1 · PMID 2638686
1973 · Observational
The strength of weak ties
M. S. Granovetter. American Journal of Sociology.
Open · doi:10.1086/225469

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