Job strain
High job demands with low control. Karasek's score is not having a job, and it is not a wide network.
Job strain is a questionnaire, usually the Job Content Questionnaire: how much the work asks, and how much say the person has. The Job Demand-Control-Support extension adds workplace support. Effort-reward imbalance is a cousin used on the same pages: high effort, low reward, overcommitment. Employment status on this atlas is in work or not. Social capital is network density. Neither is this score.
Also called demand-control, JDCS, work stress, effort-reward imbalance.
Connected relationships
Observational · Low
Job strain→Cortisol
Higher Job strain moves Cortisol only in some conditions. Read the mechanism.
Hair cortisol ran higher with effort-reward imbalance among 81 high-workload workers, and morning saliva ran 21.7 percent higher in 48 high-strain teachers, but Karasek job strain tracked a lower diurnal cortisol area in 254 matched MESA adults. Nobody assigned the job.
Meta-analysis · Low
Job strain→Depression
Higher Job strain increases Depression.
Madsen 2018's IPD-Work pool of 120,221 employees found a 27 percent higher rate of first hospital-treated depression after job strain (HR 1.27, 1.04 to 1.55). In Smith 2012, 3,735 Canadians free of depression who reported a rise in psychological demands had later depression odds of 2.36. Nobody assigned the job.
Sources
- L van der Meij et al. (2018). Hair cortisol and work stress: Importance of workload and stress model (JDCS or ERI).
- A Steptoe et al. (2000). Job strain and anger expression predict early morning elevations in salivary cortisol.
- RM Herr et al. (2018). Associations of work stress with hair cortisol concentrations - initial findings from a prospective study.
- KE Rudolph et al. (2016). Job Strain and the Cortisol Diurnal Cycle in MESA: Accounting for Between- and Within-Day Variability.
- IEH Madsen et al. (2018). Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data.
- H Burr et al. (2021). The Demand-Control Model as a Predictor of Depressive Symptoms-Interaction and Differential Subscale Effects: Prospective Analyses of 2212 German Employees.
- SY Kim et al. (2021). Gender and age differences in the association between work stress and incident depressive symptoms among Korean employees: a cohort study.
- PM Smith et al. (2012). The impact of changes in job strain and its components on the risk of depression.