Meta-analysis · 2014

Vitamin D status and ill health: a systematic review

P. Autier, M. Boniol, C. Pizot, P. Mullie. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.

Observational associations between low 25(OH)D and disease are abundant; supplementation RCTs do not reproduce them. The authors' reading: low D is a marker of ill health, not the cause of it.

Open source doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70165-7 PMID 24622671

Edges that cite this paper

People with money and outdoor lives have higher 25(OH)D. That is not D causing the money.
Sun makes 25(OH)D. This is the boring, real arrow that makes D a terrible instrument for success.

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What Causes What. “Vitamin D status and ill health: a systematic review.” https://whatcauseswhat.org/papers/p-autier-2014 (atlas updated 2026-08-31).

https://whatcauseswhat.org/papers/p-autier-2014