Randomized trial · 2019
Vitamin D supplements and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease
J. E. Manson, N. R. Cook, I. M. Lee. New England Journal of Medicine · N=25871.
VITAL: 25,871 adults, 2000 IU/day vitamin D3. No reduction in invasive cancer or major cardiovascular events in the primary analysis. The trial that should have ended 'D pills prevent decline' as a general claim.
Open sourcedoi:10.1056/NEJMoa1809944PMID 30415629
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What Causes What. “Vitamin D supplements and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease.” https://whatcauseswhat.org/papers/p-manson-2019 (atlas updated 2026-08-31).