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What Causes What

A public causal atlas of human biology, behavior, status, and lifestyle. We map the real mechanisms, the feedback loops, and the smoke.

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Mendelian randomization · 2019

Phenome-wide Mendelian-randomization study of genetically determined vitamin D on multiple health outcomes using the UK Biobank study

X. Meng, X. Li, M. N. Timofeeva. International Journal of Epidemiology · N=339256.

MR-PheWAS in 339,256 White British UK Biobank participants. Genetically predicted 25(OH)D was not associated with the pre-specified disease outcomes. A wide net, and it came up empty.

Open source doi:10.1093/ije/dyz182 PMID 31518429

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Genetic instruments for 25(OH)D do not buy you a job. The observational D–success link was a marker.

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What Causes What. “Phenome-wide Mendelian-randomization study of genetically determined vitamin D on multiple health outcomes using the UK Biobank study.” https://whatcauseswhat.org/papers/p-meng-2019 (atlas updated 2026-09-02).

https://whatcauseswhat.org/papers/p-meng-2019

Phenome-wide Mendelian-randomization study of genetically determined vitamin D on multiple health outcomes using the UK Biobank study · What Causes What