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What Causes What
Biology & endocrinology

Estradiol

pmol/L

Primary estrogen. Relevant to cycle-phase behavior research and to aromatization from testosterone.

Estradiol is not a side character in male physiology: aromatization links T to E2. Cycle-phase mate-preference effects are contested after the replication wave. Do not import a single-hormone story from either sex.

Also called E2, estrogen.

Connected relationships

SMOKE? CONDITIONAL

Meta-analysis · Contested

Estradiol→Dominance strategy

Higher Estradiol moves Dominance strategy only in some conditions. Read the mechanism.

Cycle-phase 'preference for dominance' is a contested meta-finding, not a hormone dial.

Read the full evidence

Cases

Sources