Vitamin / mineral supplementation
Multivitamins, B-complex, D pills. Purchasable health input.
Use is a marker of health-seeking and of disposable income. Causal effects on economic outcomes collapse after SES controls, except where a clinical deficiency is being corrected (B12, iron, 25(OH)D in the truly deficient).
Also called multivitamin, micronutrient pills.
Incident edges
SMOKE
Observational · High confidence
Vitamin / mineral supplementation→Employment status
The archetypal smoke. Control for education, parental SES, and baseline income and the supplement→career effect goes to zero.
MECHANISM
Observational · High confidence
Disposable income→Vitamin / mineral supplementation
Money buys bottles. Reverse causation is the whole trick of the wellness-to-wealth genre.